Predictive value of microvessel density and lymphatic vessel density in pancreatic cancer tissue for tumor distant metastasis within 1 year after surgery / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of counting microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in predicting distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer within 1 year after surgery.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 47 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgery in Laibin People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into non-metastasis group( n=24) and metastasis group( n=23) according to whether distant metastasis occurred during 1-year follow-up. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the CD 34 expression in microvascular epithelial cells and D2-40 level in lymphatic epithelial cells from pancreatic cancer tissues. MVD and LVD in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were counted. The relationship between MVD and LVD in cancer tissues and clinicopathological characteristics such as gender, age, tumor diameter, tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, nerve invasion and tumor stage were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the value of MVD and LVD in predicting distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer within 1 year after surgery. The effects of MVD and LVD on the distant metastasis rate of pancreatic cancer within one year after operation were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the independent influencing factors for distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer within 1 year after surgery. Results:MVD and LVD in metastatic cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent normal tissues [(72.52±9.73) vs (51.73±7.95)/400 times field of view, (23.78±6.87) vs (14.00±5.66)/400 times field of view]. MVD and LVD in the non-metastasis group were also higher than those in the adjacent normal tissues [(63.20±6.52) vs (54.79±5.80)/400 times field of view, (16.25±5.15) vs (13.62±5.03)/400 times field of view], and all the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). MVD in cancer tissue was significantly increased in patients with tumor diameter ≥2 cm, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and high TNM stage ( P<0.05), and LVD was significantly increased in patients with tumor diameter ≥2 cm, lymph node metastasis, moderate and low differentiation, vascular invasion, nerve invasion and high TNM stage ( P<0.05). The AUC values of MVD and LVD in predicting distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer within 1 year after surgery were 0.799 (95% CI 0.659-0.939) and 0.803(95% CI 0.676-0.929), and the cut-off values were 70.5 and 20.5/400 times field of view, respectively. The sensitivity was 73.9% and 69.6%, and the specificity was 87.5% and 83.7%. The cumulative distant metastasis rate within 1 year after operation in high MVD and high LVD groups was significantly higher than that in low MVD and low LVD groups ( P<0.05). Multivariate logitic regression analysis showed that tumor diameter ≥2 cm ( OR=1.757, 95% CI 1.536-3.846, P<0.05), lymph node metastasis ( OR=2.364, 95% CI 1.036-4.175, P<0.05), high MVD ( OR=4.345, 95% CI 1.245-3.736, P<0.05) and high LVD ( OR=3.637, 95% CI 1.426-4.035, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for distant metastasis of pancreatic cancer within 1 year after surgery. Conclusions:Increased MVD and LVD in pancreatic cancer tissues are independent influencing factors for distant metastasis within 1 year after surgery, which can be used to predict whether patients have distant metastasis within 1 year after surgery.

Expression of PD-L1 in triple negative breast cancer tissues and its relationship with angiogenesis / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@# Objective: To investigate the expressions of programmed death ligand 1（PD-L1）in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its correlation with angiogenesis. Methods: 120 cases of TNBC patients who underwent surgery in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from March 1, 2011 to June 1, 2012 were collected. The tumor tissues of patients were surgically resected and confirmed by pathology. PD-L1 protein expression in TNBC tissues of 120 patients was detected by tissue microarray combined with immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with various clinical indicators was analyzed. Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels were labeled withCD34andD2-40todetectmicrovesseldensity(MVD)andlymphaticvesseldensity(LVD)inTNBC.Results:Thepositiveexpression rate of PD-L1 in the tumor cells and interstitial infiltrating lymphocytes fromTNBC was 56.7% (68/120); No correlation was found between PD-L1 protein expression and the gender, age, histological grade, clinical stage, or tumor size of patients with TNBC (P>0.05), but related to the lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) and vascular thrombus (P<0.05). TNBC with high PD-L1 expression exhibited high incidence of lymph node metastasis and formation of vascular thrombus, and the expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with MVD (r=0.500, P=0.02) as well as LVD (r=0.662, P=0.01). Log-Rank test showed that the survival time of TNBC patients with positive PD-L1 protein expression was significantly shorter than that of patients with negative expression (P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis suggested that PD-L1 protein expression could be an independent prognostic factor for TNBC overall survival. Conclusion: PD-L1 plays an important role in TNBC angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, and is closely related to TNBC invasion and metastasis; blocking PD1/PD-L1 signal pathway is expected to be an effective new strategy for TNBC treatment.

Changes of lymphatic vessel density in lung adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, and invasive adenocarcinoma and the regulatory factors / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the changes in tumor lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in patients with lung adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) and explore the regulatory factors of LVD.@*METHODS@#Complete clinicopathological data were collected form a total of 301 patients with lung adenocarcinoma, including 28 (9.3%) with AIS, 86 (28.6%) with MIA, and 187 (62.1%) with IA. The LVD of all the adenocarcinomas were calculated after D2-40 immunohistochemical staining, and MT1-MMP and VEGF-C expression levels were also evaluated. The differences in LVD among the groups and the correlations of tumor LVD with the expressions of MT1-MMP and VEGF-C and the clinicopathological factors were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The LVD differed significantly among AIS, MIA, and IA groups (= 0.000). The LVDs was significantly correlated with the level of VEGF-C protein expression (=0.917, =0.009), tumor size (= 0.686, =0.017), lymph node metastasis (=0.739, =0.000), and clinical stage (=0.874, =0.012) of the patients.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Tumor lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in lung adenocarcinoma progression, and VEGF-C may promote this process.

Relationship between CD44v6 ,ICAM-1 and lymph node metastasis in early stage of cervical squamous cell carcinoma / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between adhesion molecule CD44v6,intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and lymph node metastasis in early stage of cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Seventy-four specimens of cervical cancer stage Ⅰ b1,20 specimens of normal cervical tissue and 20 specimens of cervical squamous cell in situ carcinoma were collected from Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital.The expression of CD44v6 and ICAM-1 in cervical tissue was detected by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry.The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) labeled by D2-40 was detected by immunohistochemistry.The relationship of CD44v6,ICAM-1 and LVD with the differentiation degree and lymph mode metastasis was investigated.Results The positive expression rate of CD44v6 and ICAM-1 in normal cervix,cervical squamous cell carcinoma in situ,and cervical carcinoma tissues was gradually increased,which were 0,75.00％,87.84％ and 10.00％,45.00％,81.08％ respectively.Their mRNA expression amount was gradually increased,which were 0,0.24±0.02,1.02±0.11 and 0.10 ± 0.00,0.19±0.02,1.03 ± 0.10 respectively,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01).LVD was gradually increased in normal cervix,cervical squamous cell carcinoma in situ,and cervical carcinoma (P＜0.01).The expression of CD44v6,ICAM-1 and LVD in low differentiated cervical carcinoma tissue was higher than that in high and middle differentiated cervical carcinoma (P＜0.01).The expression of CD44v6,ICAM-1and LVD in lymph node metastasis was higher than that in non-lymph node metastasis (P＜0.01).The expression of CD44v6,ICAM-1 and LVD in cervical cancer tissue had each two positive correlation (P＜0.01).Conclusion CD44v6 plays a promoting role in the progression of cervical cancer,which with ICAM-1 and LVD synergically promote the cervical cancer development,and could be used as an effective indicator for judging lymph node metastasis and diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Correlation between MSCT features and expression of VEGF-C,lymphatic vessel density in gastric carcinoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluated the correlations between MSCT features and expression of VEGF-C,lymphatic vessel density (LVD)in gastric carcinoma.Methods Both plain MSCT and triphasic dynamic contrast-enhanced scan were performed in 58 patients with gastric carcinoma.All patients underwent total/subtotal gastrectomy after MSCT scanning.All specimens were collected into liquid nitrogen or deep freeze refrigerator.Detection procedure for VEGF-C mRNA was performed using RT-PCR,and the LVD was detected with 5’-nucleotidase (5’-Nase)histochemistry.Results The VEGF-C positive rate and the LVD in tumor tissue were high-er than those in normal tissue (P < 0.05 ).In the tumors between diffused and intestinal groups and between non-metastasis and lymph node metastasis groups,the VEGF-C positive rate was 87.1% and 59.3%,87.8% and 41.2%,and the LVD was 8.04±4.58 and 4.08±2.44,8.50±4.70 and 3.64 ± 1.41,respectively,indicating statistically significant differences (P <0.05 ).Conclusion Over-expression of VEGF-C and higher LVD are closely correlated with the lymph node metastasis and Lauren types of MSCT fea-tures of gastric carcinoma.VEGF-C can promote the lymphangiogenesis in carcinoma and further lymph metastasis.

Correlation of lymphatic vessel density with a high mobility group Box-1 protein and tumor-associated macrophages in cervical carci-noma / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To detect the correlation of lymphatic vessel density (LVD) with a high mobility group box-1 Protein (HMGB1) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cervical carcinoma and the effect on prognosis. Methods:Immunohistochem-istry was applied to detect HMGB1, CD68, and D2-40 expressions in cervical squamous cell carcinoma in 93 cases. t test,χ2 test, Spear-man rank correlation analysis, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression were performed to analyze the expression levels, correlation, and prognosis. Results: HMGB1 protein, CD68, and D2-40 were highly expressed in CSCC. As HMGB1 and TAM expressions in-creased, lymphatic vessel density increased. As HMGB1 and TAM expressions decreased, lymphatic vessel density decreased. Positive correlations were also found between the HMGB1 protein, TAM content, and LVD. In the group with low HMGB1 and TAM expres-sions, the survival time of the group with a high LVD expression was significantly lower than that of the group with a low LVD expres-sion. A multivariate Cox regression model showed that HMGB1 and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors. TAMs and LVD were not independent prognostic factors. Conclusion:HMGB1 proteins and TAMs were highly expressed in CSCC. Patients who exhibit increased HMGB1 expression or increased TAM count consequently show enhanced LVD expressions, increased lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis.

Metastasis via Peritumoral Lymphatic Dilation in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma / 대한악안면성형재건외과학회지

PURPOSE: Nodal metastasis is the main prognostic factor in the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We investigated the association between tumor-associated lymphatics and OSCC characteristics. METHODS: Thirty-four specimens were used for the immunohistochemical staining with the antibody for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3, phosphorylated VEGFR-3, D2-40, and matrix metallproteinases (MMPs). We observed the distribution of the lymphangiogenic factors and quantified the degree of expression. We determined lymphatic vessel density (LVD) and lymphatic vessel dilatation with D2-40 immunostaining. We assessed the association of LVD or lymphatic vessel dilatation with tumor progression or tumor differentiation. RESULTS: OSCC cells expressed lymphangiogenic ligands. Lymphangiogenic receptor, VEGFR-3, was expressed and activated in some tumor cells as well as in tumor-associated endothelial cells. LVD was not associated with tumor size or nodal status, but lymphatic vessel dilatation was higher in tumors with nodal metastasis, and also higher in poorly differentiated tumors. In stromal area of OSCC, MMP-1 and MMP-10 were up-regulated and the basement membrane of tumor-associated endothelial cells was destroyed by these collagenases. CONCLUSION: In the primary tumors with nodal metastasis, especially in poorly differentiated OSCC, tumor cells invaded the dilated lymphatic vessels via ruptured sites. MMP-1 and MMP-10 are important in the lysis of the glycocalyx inside the tumor-associated lymphatic endothelial cells.

Lymphatic vessel density and lymphatic metastasis in gastroduodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship of lymphatic vessel density (LVD)and lymphatic metastasis in gastroduodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma.Methods The intratumor lymphatic vessel deusity(iLVD) and peritumor lymphatic vessel density(pLVD) of 55 surgical gastroduodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma tissue samples were detected by immunohistochemistry(with monoclona1 antibody D2-40).The relationship of lymphatic metastasis and pLVD,iLVD was analyzed.Results The value of pLVD and iLVD was 31.02 ± 1.22 vs 5.29 ± 0.76 for gastroduodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma with lymph node metastasis,while it was 20.43 ± 1.39 vs 5.64 ± 1.01 for gastroduodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma without lymph node metastasis,showing pLVD was significantly higher than iLVD in both groups.pLVD of gastroduodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma was closely related to lymph node metastasis (P =0.001,r =0.872),the differentiation of carcinoma,and lymphatic involvement while iLVD of gastroduodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma had no relation with lymph node metastasis(P =0.293).Conclusion Compared to iLVD detection,pLVD detection is more valuable in gastroduodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma since it can help to predict lymph node metastasis status and the prognosis.

Prognostic significance of lymphatic density and mircovessel vessel density in breast invasive ductal carcinoma / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate tumor lymphatic and mircovascular densities as prognostic markers in 69 cases of invasive breast cancer treated with partial or total mastectomy and lymph node dissection.Methods 69 cases of untreated primary unilateral invasive ductal breast carcinomas were selected.All cases were immunostained with D2-40 and CD31.Positively stained microvessels were counted in densely vascular/lymphatic foci (hot spots).The relationship between lymphatic vessel density (LVD),microvessel density(MVD) and prognosis was analyzed.Results The mean ± SD peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (P-LVD) was significantly higher than intratumoral LVD(I-LVD) (P ＜ 0.01).There was a positive correlation of D2-40 LVD(peritumoral) counts with lymph node metastasis (P =0.003) and clinical stage (P =0.026),and CD31 microvessel density was found significantly associated with clinical stage(P =0.038).No significant association was found between above variants with I-LVD (P ＞ 0.05).Univariate analysis showed that survival time was impaired by higher MVD and higher peritumoral LVD(P =0.007,P =0.008,P =0.014,P =0.024,log-rank test),but not I-LVD.Multivariate survival analysis showed that MVD,peritumoral LVD,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival.Conclusions Peritumoral LVD and MVD were significantly correlated with survival status of patients with breast cancer.This is the first attempt to predict prognosis of breast cancer patients by quantifying the peritumoral LVD and MVD.

Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density as a prognostic parameter in endometrial carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study.

Context: Lymphatic invasion and nodal metastasis play a major role in the spread and prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC). Aims: In this study, we investigate tumor lymph-angiogenesis, detected by D2-40, as a predictive marker for the risk of lymph node (LN) metastasis and its relation to other prognostic parameters in EC. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five cases of EC treated with total hysterectomy and pelvic LN dissection were reviewed. All cases were immunostained for D2-40. Positively stained microvessels (MV) were counted in densely lymphovascular foci (hotspots) at X 400 field (0.17 mm2). Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was performing using Chi square "X 2" test. Results: Lymphovascular invasion was detected in 20 / 55 patients by D2-40 and 14 / 55 by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). Peritumoral lymphatic vessel (LV) count was significantly higher than intratumoral LV count (17 + 7 versus 5 + 4 / 0.17 mm 2 , P < 0.01). Peritumoral D2-40 lymphovascular counts correlated significantly with FIGO grade (P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.001) and LN metastases (P = 0.005). However, it showed non-significant correlation with peritoneal wash positivity (P = 0.830) and stage of the disease (P = 0.341). Intratumoral lymphovascular invasion detected by D2-40 showed significant correlation with LN metastases (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Our study shows that assessing LVD with D2-40 in the endometrial carcinoma might be a valuable parameter for predicting patients having an increased risk of developing of metastatic disease. In addition, D2-40 increases the frequency of detection of lymphatic invasion relative to routine H and E stain.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON EXPRESSION OF LYMPHANGIOGENIC FACTORS IN ORAL CANCER

Pathologic characteristics of lymphangiogenesis in renal transplants and its clinical implication / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the pathologic characteristics of lymphangiogenesis in renal transplants and to analyze its clinical implication. Methods: The morphology and distribution of lymphangiogenesis were investigated by a biotin-streptavidin horseradish-peroxidase method with anti-podoplanin monoclonal antibody in 45 archival biopsies. The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was calculated and the results were compared between different pathologic types and with the normal renal tissues. Results: Fewer podoplanin-positive lymphatic vessels were identified in the biopsies from the renal transplants with normal function, and the transplants had a similar morphological profile as normal renal tissues. More podoplanin-positive lymphatic vessels were observed in the transplants suffering acute rejection episode; the vessels mainly located around peripheral arteriole with different lumen sizes. Transplants with chronic rejection had the most podoplanin-positive lymphatic vessels with focal mononuclear infiltration and distended/ distorted lymphatic vessels. The lowest mean LVD (1.26±0.27) was observed in the biopsies from transplants with normal function, which was significantly different from those in the acute rejection and chronic rejection groups (P<0.05). The highest mean LVD was found in the chronic rejection group (20.76±5.30), which was significantly higher than those of the other 2 groups (P<0.01); no significant difference was observed between the transplants with normal function and the normal kidney. Conclusion: Lymphatic neoangiogenesis occurs in the renal transplant and its pathologic characteristics differs in the transplants with different rejection types.

Vascular endothelial growth factor C, D promote formation of lymphatic vessel in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), D (VEGF-D), and lymphatic vessel formation induced by them in the spreading of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( ESCC). Methods: We evaluated the expression of VEGF-C and D in 64 ESCC specimens and assessed the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in tumor and adjacent tissues by using D2-40 immunostaining. And their relationship with the clinicopathological parameters of ESCC was analyzed. Results: The expression of VEGF-C and D was significantly higher in the tumor and adjacent tissues compared with that in the normal control tissue (P<0. 01) ,and their expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastases (P< 0.0I), TNM stage (P<0. 05) and tumor infiltration depth (P<0. 05). LVD was significantly higher in tumor and adjacent tissues than in normal tissue (P<0. 05), but LVD was not correlated with the clinicopathological parameters, including lymph node metastasis. In addition, the LVD in the VEGF-C or VEGF-D positive groups was significantly higher than that in the negative group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Our results suggest VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression may promote lymphangiogenesis in esophageal carcinoma, contributing to metastasis of ESCC to regional lymph node.

Relationship between lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer and metastasis using the D2-40 antibodies / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the clinical pathologic significance of lymphangiogenesis in in colorectal cancer. Methods New lymphatic-specific markers D2-40 was used immunohistochemically to detect the lymphatic vessel density(LVD) in the intratumoural and peritumoral areas, and in normal tissue from 96 cases of colorectal cancer, which were analyzed with clinical pathologic parameters of those colorectal cancer. Results Significandy higher LVD was found in the intratumoural area(14.5±2.4), when compared with normal(5.9±1.1)and peritumoural areas(6.7±1.2) (P<0.01). LVD of the peritumoural area was higher than normal area (P< 0.01). However, peritumoural LVD was associated with both depth of invasion and liver metastasis (r=0.71,0.78 P<0.05), but not associated with tumour size, macroscopic type and lymph-node metastasis (P>0.05). Intratu-moural LVD was not correlated with tumour size, macroscopic type, the depth of invasion,lymph-node metastasis, and liver metastasis(P>0.05). Conclusion Lymphangiogenesis in the peritumoural area may be helpful in evalution of liver metastasis and prognosis.

Lymphangiogenesis: from the pig embryos to cancer: [review] / Linfangiogênese: de embriões de suínos ao câncer: [revisão]

The discovery and the comprehension of lymphatic vessels suffered several historical delays and setbacks. The inherent anatomical problems slowed down the precise identification of the lymphatic system during the development of medical science. Gasparo Aselli, an Italian surgeon and anatomist, was the first to describe the lymphatic vessels in 1627 (De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis). However, most original descriptions that report the morphology of the lymphatic system in different organisms were done during the 19th and the 20th centuries. The recent identification of specific lymphatic vasculature molecular markers allows a more accurate identification and characterization of the lymphatic system evolution in different organs, as well as its role in different pathological conditions, including cancer. This study summarizes the current understanding of lymphangiogenesis in tumour progression, as well as it presents a review of the promising data regarding the prognostic value of lymphatic density and the use of therapeutic lymphangiogenic molecules.

A descoberta dos vasos linfáticos e sua compreensão enfrentaram uma série de atrasos e dificuldades históricos. As inerentes dificuldades anatômicas retardaram a identificação precisa da rede vascular linfática durante o desenvolvimento da ciência médica. Gasparo Aselli, um anatomista e cirurgião italiano, foi o primeiro a descrever os vasos linfáticos, em 1627 (De Lacteibus sive Lacteis Venis). Entretanto, a maioria das descrições originais que relatam a morfologia do sistema linfático nos diferentes organismos foi realizada depois, entre os séculos XIX e XX. A recente identificação de marcadores moleculares específicos à vasculatura linfática permite agora identificação e caracterização mais acuradas da evolução da rede linfática nos vários órgãos e em diferentes situações, inclusive no câncer. Esta revisão resume o conhecimento sobre a linfangiogênese na progressão tumoral, bem como apresenta uma síntese dos dados mais promissores em relação ao valor prognóstico da densidade linfática e da utilização das moléculas linfangiogênicas como alvo terapêutico.

Relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel density in gastric carcinoma / 国际外科学杂志

The incidence of gastric carcinoma is increasing and lymphatic metastasis is one of the major causes of death.Vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C),Vascular endothelial growth factor D(VEGF-D)linking their receptor(VEGFR-3)can increase lymphangiogenesis,advance lymphatic metastasis,and relate to lymphatic vessel density of tumor.More and more studies of lymphatic vessel of gastric carcinoma cause great attention.We summarizeed the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis,the new development of relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic vessel density and their clinical significance.

Expression of COX-2,VEGF-C and lymphatic vessel density in pancreatic cancer / 中华胰腺病杂志

Objective To detecte the expression of COX-2,VEGF-C and lymphatic vessel density (LVD)in pancreatic cancerous and paracancerous tissues,and investigate their correlation.Methods The expression of COX-2.VEGF-C and LVD in 40 cases of pancreatic cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues and 12 cases of normal pancreas was detected by tissue chip and immunohistochemical assays,and the relationship between them and the cljnicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results The expression of COX-2,VEGF-C in pancreatic cancer tissues were 70.0%(28/40)and 67.5%(27/40),respectively,which were significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues(42.5%,17/40)and(35.0%,14/40),and that in normal pancreas(8.3%,1/12)and(25.0%,3/12).The LVD in pancreatic cancerous,paracancerous and normal pancreatic tissues were 4.75±2.77,15.2 ±4.70 and 1.67±1.15,respectively.The expression of COX-2 in cancerous tissues and LVD in paracancerous tissues was correlated with tumor differentiation and lymph metastasis;the expression of VEGF-C Was correlated with lymph metastasis.LVD in paracancerous tissues was correlated with the expression of COX-2 and VEGF-C.Conclusions Pancreatic cancer lymphangiogenesis mainly existed in paracancerous tissues,COX-2 and VEGF-C may play an important role in the lymphangiogenesis.

Immunohistochemical Study of Lymphatic Vessel Distribution and Density in Melanoma / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous melanoma is a malignant neoplasm that has the tendency to metastasize through lymphatic vessels. However, the mechanism of lymphatic spread in malignant melanoma is not fully understood due to lack of lymphatic-specific markers. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the intra- and peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (LVD) using a novel monoclonal antibody D2-40, and whether increased expression of lymphatic vessel correlated with malignancy grading in a series of melanocytic lesions and prognosis of malignant melanoma. METHODS: The intra- and peritumoral LVD were examined by immunohistochemistry using D2-40 antibody in a series of melanocytic lesions. RESULTS: We found significantly higher intra- and peritumoral LVD in malignant melanoma as compared with either benign melanocytic nevus, dysplastic nevus, or melanoma in situ (p<0.05), and the intratumoral LVD was significantly related to Breslow depth (p<0.05) and the development of lymphatic metastasis (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The higher intra- and peritumoral LVD in malignant melanomas suggests that melanoma cells might promote lymphangiogenesis. In addition, our data suggests that increased lymphatics in melanoma is an independent prognostic factor and important for the development of lymphatic metastasis.

THE EXPRESSIONS OF VEGF-D AND VEGFR-3 IN COLON CARCINOMA AND THEIR ROLE IN LYMPHATIC METASTASIS OF CARCINOMA / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor D(VEGF-D) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3(VEGFR-3) in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of colon carcinoma by observing the expression of VEGF-D and VEGFR-3,and calculated lymphatic vessel density(LMVD) in colon carcinoma. Methods The expressions of VEGF-D and VEGFR-3 were observed by SP immunohistochemistry in 55 colon carcinoma samples of different stages and differentiation degrees.LMVD in colon carcinoma was calculated by using Podoplanin as the specific marker of lymphatic endothelium. Results The positive expression of VEGF-D in colon carcinoma(54.5%) was higher than that in peritumoral tissues(P